断裂错动与水作用下的地层位移及应力变化

[目的]在断裂活动和地下水位变化条件下,对地裂缝上下盘地层的沉降位移与应力变化进行分析,为深入研究地裂缝的形成机理提供参考。[方法]以北京市高丽营地区地裂缝为研究背景原型,基于其活动特征,分析了该地裂缝的发育与断裂构造及地下水水位变化之间的关系,并运用数值模拟方法分别研究了两种诱因作用下模型地层的沉降位移及土体内部应力的变化规律。[结果]断裂错动作用下,地裂缝上盘土层的沉降变形响应程度大于下盘,地表竖向位移变化曲线近似呈反"S"形态,且上盘应力降低区的范围大于下盘应力增强区的范围;地层沉降量随地下水位的下降而不断增加,其土体应力变化曲线呈"中心对称"。[结论]断裂两侧附近的土体沉降位移和应力变化的差异较明显,且差异沉降与水位降深呈正相关,地下水位下降易诱发地裂缝的影响范围是上盘45m和下盘35m,研究成果可为地裂缝灾害地区的防灾减灾提供科学的理论依据。     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of bone marrow lesions in the equine distal tarsus

Three horses with sudden onset severe lameness were admitted for further diagnostic investigation. All horses had variable changes on radiographs in the distal tarsal region. Because of the sudden onset and severe degree of lameness, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed. All horses showed areas of increased signal intensity in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images involving the central and/or third tarsal bones. These lesions involved both the subchondral bone and bone marrow and are currently defined as bone marrow lesions (BML). Two horses were treated with shockwave therapy, one received intra‐articular medication. Two of the horses returned to previous athletic level and one is still in rehabilitation.     

骨折对大鼠凝血指标的影响

Wistar大鼠160只,随机分为8组,正常对照组、6h组、12h组、24 h组、3d组、5d组、7d组、14d组,每组各20只,除对照组外其他各组大鼠均手术使其一侧后肢股骨粉碎性骨折,各时段组大鼠采血测凝血指标:凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血活酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FBG)后取患肢血管做病理学检查.两项检查结果表明,大鼠粉碎性骨折后,12 h至3d内的时间段是肢体深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的关键期,此后进入静脉血栓脱落导致肺栓塞的危险期,在骨折前或骨折后的前3d采取积极措施预防DVT可取得较理想的效果.动态监测创伤骨折大鼠凝血指标的变化,对早期预防创伤后深静脉血栓形成具有诊断价值.     

Fixation of a complete scapular neck fracture in a foal using two 3.5 mm locking compression plates

This report describes the successful surgical repair of a transverse, displaced scapula fracture in a foal. A 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) was used on either side of the spine of the scapula. The suprascapular nerve was apparent upon dissection as it passed directly over the fracture line and care was taken to leave it intact, although the fracture line itself caused some irritation. The foal recovered without long‐term nerve damage and is sound at 1.5 years post surgery.     

Palmar process fractures of the distal phalanx in foals: A review

Distal phalanx fractures are well documented in adult horses, but our knowledge of such fractures in foals is limited. Recent studies showed a high incidence of distal phalanx palmar process (PP) fractures in foals, the aetiology is not yet known. Several hypotheses have been suggested as possible causes, including uneven compressive forces, unequal forces from the deep digital flexor tendon, composition and shape of the PP, and conformation. A better understanding of the aetiology and predisposing factors requires further research. Radiography is the commonly used imaging modality for diagnosis of such fractures; however, those fractures might be missed on routine radiographic projections. In order to have a high probability of identifying fractures, a series of 5 radiographs including the oblique views is required. This article reviews the incidence of distal phalanx PP fractures and discusses the diagnosis of such fractures.     

Effect of intrafragmentary bupivacaine (haematoma block) on analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing fracture repair

Objective

To test the efficacy of intraoperative intrafragmentary administration of bupivacaine (haematoma block) in controlling postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteosynthesis of long-bone isolated diaphyseal fractures.

泾河南塬黄土的渗透特征及孕灾机制

[目的]分析泾河南塬黄土的渗透各向异性特征,并探讨该地区滑坡的孕灾机制,以期为黄土分布区雨水入渗型滑坡的灾害防治提供指导。[方法]通过野外调查和渗透试验,分析该地区裂隙土以及不同土层的渗透特征。[结果]裂隙土的渗透系数远大于均质土,裂隙的存在为水的入渗提供优势渗流通道。不同土层渗透系数对比表明,马兰黄土因大、中孔隙多以及节理裂隙发育,其渗透系数最大,而古土壤的渗透系数最小。[结论]泾河南塬黄土具有明显的渗透各向异性,水与裂隙共同作用已成为该地区的一种恶性灾害链模式。     

水轮机顶盖部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度分析

针对水轮发电机组由于顶盖连接螺栓断裂而导致水淹厂房等严重事故的问题,建立了某电站实际顶盖及螺栓的模型并进行有限元分析.基于Ansys,采用有限单元法求解静力学基本方程,计算得到各种工况下螺栓的应力分布;研究了某混流式水轮机顶盖全部螺栓正常工作时的强度,对部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度进行了分析,对比了螺栓在断裂数量为1,2,4,8根以及断裂位置为90°对称分布、邻近分布、180°分布时的应力情况.计算结果表明:部分螺栓断裂后,由于偏载和突变,其余螺栓的最大应力值都会升高;螺栓断裂个数越多,断裂螺栓的分布位置越邻近,则其余螺栓强度越不足.当断裂螺栓数量为4根且处于邻近分布位置时,剩余螺栓的最大应力为744.03 MPa,十分接近螺栓材料的极限容许应力744 MPa;当断裂螺栓处于邻近分布位置且数量达到8根时,剩余螺栓的最大应力达776.21 MPa,增幅达19.69%,已远远超过材料极限容许应力,威胁电站安全运行.     

竹材Ⅲ型层间的断裂韧性

采用改进设计的端部切口悬臂梁(SCB)装置,试验测试毛竹(Phyllostachs pubescens)Ⅲ型层间断裂性质,并分别用柔度法和面积法计算其Ⅲ型层间断裂韧性值。结果表明:(1)采用柔度法和面积法得到的Ⅲ型层间断裂韧性,分别为2.38 N·m~(-1)(标准差0.74 N·m~(-1))、2.20 N·m~(-1)(标准差0.36 N·m~(-1)),前者略高于后者,但方差分析差异不显著;(2)二种方法测得的Ⅲ型层间断裂韧性,基本上与裂纹尺寸无关,说明层间断裂韧性是竹材的一种基本性质;(3)对竹材断面的观察发现,Ⅲ型层间裂纹在未木质化的短型基本组织细胞中的扩展是伴随着胞壁的撕裂,但在已木质化的长型基本组织细胞之间和纤维束之间,裂纹是沿胞间层扩展的。